![]() The fate was decided following an election for the state legislature in which James Bennett of Santa Rosa defeated Joseph Hooker of Sonoma and introduced a bill that resulted in Santa Rosa being confirmed as county seat in 1854. The dispute ultimately was between the bigger, richer commercial town of Petaluma and the more centrally located, growing agricultural center of Santa Rosa. As a result, elements in the newer, rapidly growing towns of Petaluma, Santa Rosa, and Healdsburg began vying to move the county seat to their towns. However, by the early 1850s, Sonoma had declined in importance in both commerce and population, its county buildings were crumbling, and it was relatively remote. Sonoma was one of the original counties when California became a state in 1850, with its county seat originally the town (now city) of Sonoma. General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo reviewing his troops in Sonoma, 1846 The City of Sonoma was the site of the Bear Flag Revolt in 1846. His duties included keeping an eye on the Russian traders at Fort Ross, secularizing the Mission, maintaining cooperation with the Native Americans of the entire region, and doling out the lands for large estates and ranches. El Presidio de Sonoma, or Sonoma Barracks (part of Spain's Fourth Military District), was established in 1836 by Comandante General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. The Mission San Francisco Solano, founded in 1823 as the last and northernmost of 21 California missions, is in the present City of Sonoma, at the northern end of El Camino Real. Fort Ross was established by the Russians in 1812. However, the Russians abandoned it in 1841 and sold the fort to John Sutter, settler and Mexican land grantee of Sacramento. This settlement and its outlying Russian settlements came to include a population of several hundred Russian and Aleut settlers and a stockaded fort with artillery. ![]() The Russians were the first newcomers to establish a permanent foothold in Sonoma County, with the Russian-American Company establishing Fort Ross on the Sonoma Coast in 1812. Spaniards, Russians, and other Europeans claimed and settled in the county from the late 16th to mid-19th century, seeking timber, fur, and farmland. Archaeological evidence of these First people includes a number of occurrences of rock carvings, especially in southern Sonoma County these carvings often take the form of pecked curvilinear nucleated design. The Pomo, Coast Miwok and Wappo peoples were the earliest human settlers of Sonoma County, between 80 BC, effectively living within the natural carrying capacity of the land. Agriculture was largely divided between two nearly monocultural uses: grapes and pasturage. Sonoma County is a leading producer of hops, grapes, prunes, apples, as well as dairy and poultry products, largely due to the extent of available, fertile agricultural land in addition to the abundance of high-quality water for irrigation. More than 8.4 million tourists visit each year, spending more than $1 billion in 2016. The voters have twice approved open space initiatives that have provided funding for public acquisition of natural areas, preserving forested areas, coastal habitat, and other open space. It has thirteen approved American Viticultural Areas and more than 350 wineries. In California's Wine Country region, which also includes Napa, Mendocino, and Lake counties, Sonoma County is the largest producer. It is the northernmost county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region. ![]() Sonoma County comprises the Santa Rosa-Petaluma Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the San Jose- San Francisco- Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. Its seat of government and largest city is Santa Rosa. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 488,863. Sonoma County ( / s ə ˈ n oʊ m ə/ ⓘ) is located in the U.S.
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